Determination of Flavonoid and Caffeine Content in Black and Oolong Teas

The world is blessed with tea for its health benefits and the hundreds of flavours to be chosen from. Flavonoid and caffeine is the most abundant type of phenolic compound and alkaloid found in tea respectively. These compounds can be extracted using various solvents, resulting in various concentration when compared with water as the solvent. This study was conducted by preparing tea infusion from both distilled water and organic solvents to observe the effect of solvents on the content of flavonoid and caffeine. Using spectrophotometric method, the content of flavonoid and caffeine in commercial black (Boh, Sabah, Lipton) and oolong (Oo Long Kee Zhong, Montea, Ten Ren) teas obtained from Malaysian market were determined. Sabah and Montea has the highest flavonoid (0.044 g/L) and caffeine (3.585 g/L) content in distilled water respectively. The final content of flavonoid and caffeine was found to be higher in organic solvents compared to distilled water, as well as when the steeping time is increased

A legal study of the criminal trial process under the adversarial system in Malaysia / Nurliyana Zainudin…[et al.]

This research was conducted to examine the weaknesses in the criminal trial process under the adversarial system in Malaysia. In particular, the failure to provide for a fair and speedy trial in the criminal trial has been discovered throughout the research. The weakness of the criminal trial process as mentioned above is insistence upon procedure and technical error, the judge inactive role either during pre-trial or trial process, lacking the competent judge in the judiciary, the practice of the general court and also the court's conventional system which mostly based on the manual system and involving papers and handwriting. The reformats had been made to the legislative and judicial practices, specifically the amendments to Criminal Procedure Code in 2006 and 2010 as well as the establishment of a 'special court' and new management system called E-court. Based on the present weaknesses of the criminal trial process under the adversarial systet:Jl in Malaysia, the study evaluates the effectiveness and efficacy of the changes introduced to the criminal trial process. It is the conclusion of this research that there are some advantages of the reforms to the criminal trial process. However, there are also disadvantages and limitation of the reformed criminal trial process. This is due to the lacking in the enforcement and implementation of the reforms. Even though there are still many issues pertaining to the efficiency of the criminal trial process, the reform to the system is applauded and should be continued to strive for betterment of the system

Development Of Portable Linear Positioning Table For Drilling Machine

Drilling operation is an operation which produces holes by bringing a rotating cutter into contact with the workpiece. Drilling operation is commonly done in drill press, however some of the time; it is done on mills or lathes. Holding parts to be drilled is one of major problems faced by the students. If the material has many holes to be drilled, then the procedure adopted is by marking out with a center punch, setting on the machine (Drill Press Machine), and holding the workpiece. This is time consuming and dangerous as the students need to hold the material they throughout the drilling process. This project presents an innovative linear sliding table to ease the operator during drilling process. In addition, the clamping system will also be provided for better rigidity and less movement of the workpiece during the drilling process. Some toggle clamps are fixed on the table to hold the position of the part securely from moving throughout the machining cycle. Furthermore, this project focuses on the execution of the drilling process in one single clamping. A simple and economic design is proposed

L-Band amplitude scintillations during solar maximum at a low latitude station

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is one of the most important and useful technologies developed for information and communication technology. Propagated wireless signals along the GPS link are affected by the ionospheric irregularities, therefore the GPS signals may experience ionospheric scintillation. In this study, GPS L-band amplitude scintillations observed at a low latitude station. Data from the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Ionospheric Scintillation and Total Electron Content (TEC) monitor (GISTM) receiver installed at the Space Science Centre (ANGKASA), Institute of Climate Change, UniversitiKebangsaan Malaysia, UKM (2.92°N, 101.78°E) were used for this study. Of the 460 scintillation (by neglecting S4<0.15) events recorded during February 2014, 55% were weak (0.15≤S4<0.25), 32% were moderate (0.25≤S4<0.35) and 13% were strong (S4≥0.35). For February 2014, the amplitude scintillations were most pronounced in the post-sunset time to pre-midnight time. Finally, these analysed data are used to study the variability of scintillation with solar activities

Proceedings of International Technical Postgraduate Conference 2022

This conference proceedings contains articles on the various research ideas of the academic &amp; research communities presented at the International Technical Postgraduate Conference 2022 (TECH POST 2022) that was held at Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia on 24-25 September 2022. TECH POST 2022 was organized by the Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya. The theme of the conference is “Embracing Innovative Engineering Technologies Towards a Sustainable Future”.  TECH POST 2022 conference is intended to foster the dissemination of state-of-the-art research from five main disciplines of Engineering: Electrical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Chemical Engineering. The objectives of TECH POST 2022 are to bring together innovative researchers from all engineering disciplines to a common forum, promote R&amp;D activities in Engineering, and promote the dissemination of scientific knowledge and research know-how between researchers, engineers, and students. Conference Title: International Technical Postgraduate Conference 2022Conference Acronym: TECH POST 2022Conference Date: 24-25 September 2022Conference Location: Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia (Hybrid Mode)Conference Organizers: Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Abstracts of the International Halal Science Conference 2023

This book presents the extended abstracts of the selected contributions to the International Halal Science Conference, held on 22-23 August 2023 by the International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART), IIUM, Malaysia in collaboration with Halalan Thayyiban Research Centre, University Islam Sultan Sharif (UNISSA), Brunei Darussalam. With the increasing global interest in halal products and services, this conference is timely. Conference Title:  International Halal Science ConferenceConference Acronym: IHASC23Conference Theme: Halal Industry Sustainability Through ScienceConference Date: 22-23 August 2023Conference Venue: International Islamic University (IIUM), MalaysiaConference Organizer: International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART), International Islamic University (IIUM), Malaysi